Sigma Six in Inclusive Corrections

Behind the Ethnocultural Door
Picture of Aundre Green

Aundre Green

Director, DEI Community & Public Affairs

At a Glance

Choosing to look at society's concerns as outputs, and your program as a manufacturing process, allows you to apply Sigma Six principles effectively

Understanding how the big-picture your project aims to solve is key, but understanding how the big picture (lets say marginalization) manifests itself in the day to day lives are critical "control points"

Developing programs that counter the impacts felt at each critical control point through data analysis and qualitative engagement can produce tangible results. We've tested this in the roughest of social environments, Canada's federal prison system.

Aundre giving expert testimony to the Standing Senate Committee on Human Rights regarding the lack of guidance to BIPOC offenders within the correctional system

Six Sigma was developed in the mid-1980s by engineer Bill Smith at Motorola, Inc. Smith was inspired to create Six Sigma as a response to issues in product quality and reliability that the company was facing at the time. Motorola leadership, particularly then-CEO Bob Galvin, supported Smith’s initiative as part of a broader quality improvement effort.

So how does something like Sigma Six apply to the correctional setting? Well lets take a look at what the definition of a defect is

Defect: an imperfection, shortcoming or abnormality that impairs quality, function, or utility.

Now, obviously we are dealing with human beings, in a correctional environment, whereby theses persons have broken the law and the law is being applied to them as such. So to call any shortcomings in the correctional system a defect is unfair.

However, these shortcomings also impact lives and must be addressed. So setting aside the rhetoric, lets take a look at how my team was able to apply the fundamental principles of Sigma 6 towards correctional and DEI outcomes within the federal prison system. Figure 1 shows the Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control framework that forms the nucleus of any effective deployment of Sigma 6 and how it was used here. 

Figure 1: Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control.

Define: Audmax understood the major (and politicized) issues facing the justice system today. Recidivism, parole, institutionalized racism, yes, these are all major issues. However, these are too broad and complex for Sigma 6 to work, we must define how these major issues manifest themselves into day to day concerns (among staff, offenders and officials)

Measure: Audmax conducted an informal survey with a sample of 200 offenders from across 4 different federal correctional institutions in Ontario (medium and minimum security). Figure 2 outlines the results, however DEI centric data analysis came back with two major ways in which "defects" manifest themselves. lack of guidance and lack of engagement

Measure: Qualitative data determined the two issues, quantitative analysis determined where the outlook that created the issues started. A lack of guidance produces adverse issues due to unrealistic release plans, and lost time in skill development opportunities. Lack of engagement means no participation in the jobs that develop skills, or any programs that can create employment and other pathways.

This in turn leads to psychological and social issues among offender populations. Unrealistic plans for release mean no-parole. Unengaged individuals mean even if they get parole, the propensity to re-offend is high.

Improve: Directly addressing these control points, guidance and engagement, were critical. Audmax was able to develop effective workshops that directly address post release planning and economic survival concerns; in addition to, a more refined visitation program that concentrated on these shortcomings.

Control: Of course, "control" in a correctional environment governed by strict laws, regulations and political involvement is not something that Audmax possesses. However, we could empower those within a position of authority with the knowledge and the frameworks to make the right moves, streamline their systems and respond effectively, that's exactly what we did.

Figure 2: Statistical Highlights

 Audmax conducted an informal survey with a sample of 200 offenders from across 4 different federal correctional institutions in Ontario (medium and minimum security).

Re-offenders (in-line with StatsCan) 36%
Denied Parole (within last 6-12 months)) 95%
Agreed or strongly agreed with the statement: "I was denied parole because of the system" 85%

While planning and social or community project its important to understand the big picture to be addressed, but as figures 1 and 2 suggest that the day-to-day unfolding of the big picture issues, constitute control points that can be addressed leading to long-term success. Understanding this will inform more innovative and effective objectives and activities. 

For example: Offender X.B. (I can’t share the name due to privacy laws) from Joyceville Minimum (formerly “Pittsburgh Minimum Institution”) shared his release plans with me, which included an plumbing career pathway that was impractical, incomplete and clearly developed with no real guidance (nor understandings). 

Similar cases were found across the Ontario (11) federal correctional sites among black and/or marginalized offenders, the groups with the highest propensity to reoffend (I’m certain I don’t need to share the data that proves this). 

The same survey also found that up to 60% of BIPOC offenders either don’t know about the career developing job opportunities within CORCAN (this is the organization with the Correctional Service of Canada that coordinates employment among offenders).  

At Warkworth Institution (WI, Trent Hills, Northumberland County Ontario) the nearby CFB Trenton base regularly sends some of its heavy equipment to be repaired at the CORCAN. That means welding, heavy equipment maintenance, blueprints and computer aided design, inventory management, procurement and the list goes on. If I went to any employer and could prove I have 5 years of CAD experience using it to work on heavy vehicles from CFB Trenton… I’m guaranteed a good paying job. 

The attitudes of BIPOC offenders clearly showed that they didn’t know this. They understand that all offender-CORCAN employees get paid the same regardless of whether you’re working as a cook, cleaning the bathrooms or doing the “hard a** jobs like what you’re saying sir… so if I’m not being paid more why should I do them?”. 

When I informed them that those “hard a** jobs”  can pay $100k in a few years post release, you’d better believe the next time I visited Warkworth institution 100% of the participants of that particular workshop had applied to work in the jobs I identified, all while attending an employability workshop that was born from qualitative analysis. For me, a black man, to outline this for them, they could now visualize themselves making $100k per annum legitimately. 

Quantitative analysis clearly showed that many offenders did not know what educational necessities exist within trade career pathways and lead to the development of the “Education and Trades” workshop. These innovative knowledge transfer methods ensured an understanding of education and trade career advancement requirements (joining unions, advancing through apprenticeships, applying to post-secondary programs etc.) 

So engaging these offenders, in a way that they understand, was the effective way to affect this control point. Clearly demonstrating the adaptability of the Sigma 6 project management methodology. 

Sigma 6 also helped me point Public Safety Canada’s policy makers in the right direction. Amendments to Commissioner’s Directive 767, the establishment of a DEI advisory panel within the parole board, and better records management for those employed such that they can easily apply for Red Seal certification; all were influenced by our deployment of Sigma Six. 

Sometimes, if you change the way you think about how your processes actually work, by concentrating on what needs to be fixed on a micro you can use the math and data in innovative ways that lead to results on a macro scale. That’s how this project management methodology can be deployed in socio-economic project environments. 

 

Until next time, 

Aundre Green 

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More About the Author
Picture of Aundre Green

Aundre Green

Aundre brings 15 years of experience in DEI project management, engagement and public affairs.

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